Question 1 of 10
Which organelle is labeled X in the cell diagram below?
ANucleus
BEndoplasmic reticulum
CGolgi apparatus
DMitochondria
Explanation
📌 Organelle X has the bean-shaped structure with inner folds (cristae) → Mitochondria
Mitochondria = powerhouse of the cell = produces ATP through cellular respiration
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
Mitochondria = powerhouse of the cell = produces ATP through cellular respiration
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
Question 2 of 10
What is the function of the cell membrane?
AControls what enters and exits the cell
BBuilds and assembles all of the cell's various proteins
CStores all of the cell's genetic information and DNA
DProduces the energy that the entire cell needs to survive
Explanation
📌 The cell membrane is selectively permeable — it controls what enters and exits the cell.
It is made of a phospholipid bilayer. Storing genetic information is the nucleus's job, producing energy is the mitochondrion's, and building proteins is done by ribosomes.
It is made of a phospholipid bilayer. Storing genetic information is the nucleus's job, producing energy is the mitochondrion's, and building proteins is done by ribosomes.
Question 3 of 10
Which structure is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
ACell wall
BMitochondria
CRibosomes
DCell membrane
Explanation
📌 Plant cells have: cell wall, chloroplasts, large central vacuole.
Animal cells do NOT have these.
Animal cells do NOT have these.
Question 4 of 10
In a controlled experiment, what is the independent variable?
AThe variable that is deliberately changed
BThe variable that is measured
CThe variable that stays constant
DThe control group
Explanation
📌 The independent variable is what the scientist deliberately changes/manipulates.
The dependent variable is what is measured as a result.
The dependent variable is what is measured as a result.
Question 5 of 10
Which tool would be MOST appropriate for measuring the volume of a liquid?
ABalance
BRuler
CGraduated cylinder
DThermometer
Explanation
📌 A graduated cylinder is specifically designed for precise liquid volume measurement.
Beakers and flasks are for mixing, not precise measurement.
Beakers and flasks are for mixing, not precise measurement.
Question 6 of 10
A scientist measures the growth of bacteria at different temperatures. The temperature is the:
Adependent variable
Bindependent variable
Cconstant
Dcontrol variable
Explanation
📌 Temperature is what the scientist controls/changes → independent variable.
Bacteria growth is what is measured → dependent variable.
Bacteria growth is what is measured → dependent variable.
Question 7 of 10
The DNA double helix is shown. Which base pairs are correctly bonded?
AA pairs with G, and T pairs with C
BA pairs with T, and G pairs with C
CAll bases pair with each other freely
DA pairs with C, and T pairs with G
Explanation
In DNA, complementary base pairing is strict: Adenine (A) – Thymine (T) via 2 hydrogen bonds; Guanine (G) – Cytosine (C) via 3 hydrogen bonds.
Question 8 of 10
Which graph correctly shows exponential growth?
AA
BB
CNeither
DBoth
Explanation
📌 Exponential growth = J-shaped curve (slow start, rapid increase)
Linear growth = straight line (constant rate)
Graph A shows exponential growth.
Linear growth = straight line (constant rate)
Graph A shows exponential growth.
Question 9 of 10
Which of the following is the BEST example of a hypothesis?
APlants need water
BEvery single plant that exists is green in color without any exception
CIf plants receive more sunlight, then they will grow taller
DPhotosynthesis is a very important process for living things on Earth
Explanation
📌 A hypothesis is a testable, specific prediction.
The if-then statement about sunlight and plant height is testable and specific. A simple need statement, a broad value judgment, or a sweeping generalization cannot be tested the same way.
The if-then statement about sunlight and plant height is testable and specific. A simple need statement, a broad value judgment, or a sweeping generalization cannot be tested the same way.
Question 10 of 10
Which organelle is responsible for producing energy (ATP) in the cell?
ANucleus
BGolgi apparatus
CRibosome
DMitochondria
Explanation
📌 Mitochondria = 'powerhouse of the cell'
They convert glucose + oxygen → ATP through cellular respiration.
They convert glucose + oxygen → ATP through cellular respiration.