Question 1 of 10
For AA × aa, what is the genotype of all offspring?
A1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa
BAll AA
CAll Aa
DAll aa
Explanation
Each parent contributes a different homozygous allele → 100% Aa heterozygous.
Question 2 of 10
Natural selection can BEST be described as:
AOrganisms changing their DNA intentionally
BOrganisms with favorable traits surviving and reproducing more
CEvery organism in a population has an equal chance of surviving and breeding
DOrganisms choosing their mates
Explanation
📌 Natural selection = organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more, passing those traits to offspring. 'Survival of the fittest.'
Question 3 of 10
In a food chain, which organism is the primary consumer?
ARabbit
BEagle
CGrass
DFox
Explanation
📌 Primary consumer = herbivore = eats producers (plants).
Producers → Primary consumers → Secondary consumers → Tertiary consumers
Producers → Primary consumers → Secondary consumers → Tertiary consumers
Question 4 of 10
Use the Punnett square to determine the probability of offspring with the homozygous recessive (aa) genotype.
A1/2 (50%)
B0
C1/4 (25%)
D3/4 (75%)
Explanation
Aa × Aa cross: AA, Aa, Aa, aa. Only one box (aa) shows the homozygous recessive: 1/4 = 25%.
Question 5 of 10
Which process in the water cycle is shown by arrow X?
ACondensation
BPrecipitation
CRunoff
DEvaporation
Explanation
📌 Arrow X shows water rising from the surface to the clouds → Evaporation
Evaporation = liquid water → water vapor (gas) due to heat from the sun.
Complete cycle: Evaporation → Condensation (clouds form) → Precipitation (rain) → Runoff → Collection
Evaporation = liquid water → water vapor (gas) due to heat from the sun.
Complete cycle: Evaporation → Condensation (clouds form) → Precipitation (rain) → Runoff → Collection
Question 6 of 10
In the food chain: Grass → Cricket → Frog → Snake → Hawk, which organism is a tertiary consumer?
ACricket
BSnake
CFrog
DHawk
Explanation
📌 Trophic levels:
Grass = Producer
Cricket = Primary consumer (1°) — eats plants
Frog = Secondary consumer (2°) — eats primary consumer
Snake = Tertiary consumer (3°) — eats secondary consumer
Hawk = Quaternary consumer (4°)
Grass = Producer
Cricket = Primary consumer (1°) — eats plants
Frog = Secondary consumer (2°) — eats primary consumer
Snake = Tertiary consumer (3°) — eats secondary consumer
Hawk = Quaternary consumer (4°)
Question 7 of 10
The relationship between a bee and a flower is an example of:
Amutualism
Bcommensalism
Cparasitism
Dpredation
Explanation
📌 Mutualism: both benefit. Bee gets nectar (food), flower gets pollinated.
Parasitism: one benefits, other harmed. Commensalism: one benefits, other unaffected.
Parasitism: one benefits, other harmed. Commensalism: one benefits, other unaffected.
Question 8 of 10
Which of the following is a biotic factor?
ATemperature
BWater
CSunlight
DBacteria
Explanation
📌 Biotic = living things (plants, animals, bacteria).
Abiotic = non-living (temperature, water, sunlight, soil).
Abiotic = non-living (temperature, water, sunlight, soil).
Question 9 of 10
In an energy pyramid, which level has the MOST energy?
AProducers
BSecondary consumers
CTertiary consumers
DPrimary consumers
Explanation
📌 Producers (bottom level) have the most energy. Only ~10% transfers to each higher level. This is the 10% rule.
Question 10 of 10
In the food web below, what would happen if all the frogs were removed?
AThe whole food web stays exactly the same and nothing changes at all
BSnake population increases
CInsect population increases and snake population decreases
DEvery organism in the entire food web quickly dies off completely
Explanation
📌 If frogs are removed:
• Insects (grasshoppers) they ate would INCREASE (no predator)
• Snakes that ate frogs would DECREASE (less food)
• This demonstrates how removing one species affects the entire food web. Snakes lose a food source so they cannot increase, the web does not stay unchanged, and it does not wipe out every organism.
• Insects (grasshoppers) they ate would INCREASE (no predator)
• Snakes that ate frogs would DECREASE (less food)
• This demonstrates how removing one species affects the entire food web. Snakes lose a food source so they cannot increase, the web does not stay unchanged, and it does not wipe out every organism.